The analysis for the survey has been done for 503 participants who responded to the short survey.

All the numbers represented below are aggregate percentages.

  • PB: Punjab
  • KT: Karnataka
  • MP: Madhya Pradesh
  • MH: Maharashtra

Summary Tables (Total and By State)

State of interview

State of interview PB KT MP MH Total
Punjab 237 (100%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 237 (47.1%)
Karnataka 0 (0.0%) 122 (100%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 122 (24.3%)
Madhya Pradesh 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 104 (100%) 0 (0.0%) 104 (20.7%)
Maharashtra 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 40 (100%) 40 (8%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Respondent’s relation to baby

Respondent’s relation to baby PB KT MP MH Total
Mother 221 (93.2%) 116 (95.1%) 74 (71.2%) 28 (70%) 439 (87.3%)
Father 15 (6.3%) 4 (3.3%) 20 (19.2%) 8 (20%) 47 (9.3%)
Other 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 7 (6.7%) 3 (7.5%) 10 (2%)
Maternal grandmother 1 (0.4%) 2 (1.6%) 2 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 5 (1%)
Paternal grandmother 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1%) 1 (2.5%) 2 (0.4%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

KMC by Mother

KMC by Mother PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 167 (70.5%) 82 (67.2%) 59 (56.7%) 20 (50%) 328 (65.2%)
No 47 (19.8%) 28 (23%) 26 (25%) 3 (7.5%) 104 (20.7%)
Yes 23 (9.7%) 12 (9.8%) 19 (18.3%) 17 (42.5%) 71 (14.1%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

KMC by Father

KMC by Father PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 167 (70.5%) 82 (67.2%) 59 (56.7%) 20 (50%) 328 (65.2%)
No 32 (13.5%) 27 (22.1%) 37 (35.6%) 10 (25%) 106 (21.1%)
Yes 38 (16%) 13 (10.7%) 8 (7.7%) 10 (25%) 69 (13.7%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

KMC by Maternal grandmother

KMC by Maternal grandmother PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 167 (70.5%) 82 (67.2%) 59 (56.7%) 20 (50%) 328 (65.2%)
No 61 (25.7%) 26 (21.3%) 37 (35.6%) 16 (40%) 140 (27.8%)
Yes 9 (3.8%) 14 (11.5%) 8 (7.7%) 4 (10%) 35 (7%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

KMC by Paternal grandmother

KMC by Paternal grandmother PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 167 (70.5%) 82 (67.2%) 59 (56.7%) 20 (50%) 328 (65.2%)
No 53 (22.4%) 39 (32%) 22 (21.2%) 15 (37.5%) 129 (25.6%)
Yes 17 (7.2%) 1 (0.8%) 23 (22.1%) 5 (12.5%) 46 (9.1%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

KMC by Other

KMC by Other PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 167 (70.5%) 82 (67.2%) 59 (56.7%) 20 (50%) 328 (65.2%)
No 66 (27.8%) 38 (31.1%) 38 (36.5%) 13 (32.5%) 155 (30.8%)
Yes 4 (1.7%) 2 (1.6%) 7 (6.7%) 7 (17.5%) 20 (4%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Cord care applied?

Cord care applied? PB KT MP MH Total
No 195 (82.3%) 110 (90.2%) 92 (88.5%) 40 (100%) 437 (86.9%)
Yes 42 (17.7%) 11 (9%) 12 (11.5%) 0 (0.0%) 65 (12.9%)
Don’t know 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Cord care: Talcum/Baby powder

Cord care: Talcum/Baby powder PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 195 (82.3%) 111 (91%) 92 (88.5%) 40 (100%) 438 (87.1%)
No 41 (17.3%) 7 (5.7%) 10 (9.6%) 0 (0.0%) 58 (11.5%)
Yes 1 (0.4%) 4 (3.3%) 2 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 7 (1.4%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Cord care: Oil or ghee

Cord care: Oil or ghee PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 195 (82.3%) 111 (91%) 92 (88.5%) 40 (100%) 438 (87.1%)
Yes 25 (10.5%) 6 (4.9%) 10 (9.6%) 0 (0.0%) 41 (8.2%)
No 17 (7.2%) 5 (4.1%) 2 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 24 (4.8%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Cord care: Blue medicine

Cord care: Blue medicine PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 195 (82.3%) 111 (91%) 92 (88.5%) 40 (100%) 438 (87.1%)
No 42 (17.7%) 11 (9%) 12 (11.5%) 0 (0.0%) 65 (12.9%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Cord care: Betadine

Cord care: Betadine PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 195 (82.3%) 111 (91%) 92 (88.5%) 40 (100%) 438 (87.1%)
No 27 (11.4%) 11 (9%) 11 (10.6%) 0 (0.0%) 49 (9.7%)
Yes 15 (6.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 16 (3.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Cord care: Turmeric powder/oil

Cord care: Turmeric powder/oil PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 195 (82.3%) 111 (91%) 92 (88.5%) 40 (100%) 438 (87.1%)
No 42 (17.7%) 9 (7.4%) 12 (11.5%) 0 (0.0%) 63 (12.5%)
Yes 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.6%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (0.4%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Cord care: Don’t know

Cord care: Don’t know PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 195 (82.3%) 111 (91%) 92 (88.5%) 40 (100%) 438 (87.1%)
No 41 (17.3%) 10 (8.2%) 11 (10.6%) 0 (0.0%) 62 (12.3%)
Yes 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.8%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (0.6%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Cord care: Other

Cord care: Other PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 195 (82.3%) 111 (91%) 92 (88.5%) 40 (100%) 438 (87.1%)
No 41 (17.3%) 11 (9%) 12 (11.5%) 0 (0.0%) 64 (12.7%)
Yes 1 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Did mother reduce diet?

Did mother reduce diet? PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 221 (93.2%) 116 (95.1%) 74 (71.2%) 28 (70%) 439 (87.3%)
No 13 (5.5%) 3 (2.5%) 20 (19.2%) 9 (22.5%) 45 (8.9%)
Yes 3 (1.3%) 3 (2.5%) 9 (8.7%) 3 (7.5%) 18 (3.6%)
Don’t know 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Mother reduced her own diet?

Mother reduced her own diet? PB KT MP MH Total
No 146 (61.6%) 87 (71.3%) 56 (53.8%) 21 (52.5%) 310 (61.6%)
Yes 75 (31.6%) 29 (23.8%) 18 (17.3%) 7 (17.5%) 129 (25.6%)
Missing 16 (6.8%) 6 (4.9%) 30 (28.8%) 12 (30%) 64 (12.7%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“Doing KMC is physically beneficial for babies’ health (e.g. prevents illnesses and infections, helps them gain weight and grow faster, helps keep them warm)”

“Doing KMC is physically beneficial for babies’ health (e.g. prevents illnesses and infections, helps them gain weight and grow faster, helps keep them warm)” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 215 (90.7%) 119 (97.5%) 99 (95.2%) 32 (80%) 465 (92.4%)
Don’t know 7 (3%) 2 (1.6%) 4 (3.8%) 8 (20%) 21 (4.2%)
Disagree 14 (5.9%) 1 (0.8%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 16 (3.2%)
Don’t want to respond 1 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“Doing KMC helps babies bond with their caregivers/parents”

“Doing KMC helps babies bond with their caregivers/parents” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 229 (96.6%) 118 (96.7%) 101 (97.1%) 33 (82.5%) 481 (95.6%)
Don’t know 5 (2.1%) 2 (1.6%) 1 (1%) 7 (17.5%) 15 (3%)
Disagree 3 (1.3%) 1 (0.8%) 2 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (1.2%)
Don’t want to respond 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“Engaging in KMC is good for both babies and their caregivers/parents”

“Engaging in KMC is good for both babies and their caregivers/parents” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 221 (93.2%) 120 (98.4%) 103 (99%) 32 (80%) 476 (94.6%)
Don’t know 12 (5.1%) 1 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (15%) 19 (3.8%)
Disagree 3 (1.3%) 1 (0.8%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 5 (1%)
Don’t want to respond 1 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (5%) 3 (0.6%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“I approve of other parents engaging in KMC with their babies”

“I approve of other parents engaging in KMC with their babies” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 216 (91.1%) 89 (73%) 94 (90.4%) 32 (80%) 431 (85.7%)
Disagree 15 (6.3%) 31 (25.4%) 7 (6.7%) 0 (0.0%) 53 (10.5%)
Don’t know 4 (1.7%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (2.9%) 6 (15%) 13 (2.6%)
Don’t want to respond 2 (0.8%) 2 (1.6%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (5%) 6 (1.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“I try my best to engage in KMC with the baby”

“I try my best to engage in KMC with the baby” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 218 (92%) 117 (95.9%) 88 (84.6%) 33 (82.5%) 456 (90.7%)
Disagree 16 (6.8%) 5 (4.1%) 11 (10.6%) 0 (0.0%) 32 (6.4%)
Don’t know 2 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 5 (4.8%) 6 (15%) 13 (2.6%)
Don’t want to respond 1 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (2.5%) 2 (0.4%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“Fathers should engage in KMC with their babies”

“Fathers should engage in KMC with their babies” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 216 (91.1%) 114 (93.4%) 94 (90.4%) 31 (77.5%) 455 (90.5%)
Disagree 13 (5.5%) 6 (4.9%) 7 (6.7%) 0 (0.0%) 26 (5.2%)
Don’t know 7 (3%) 1 (0.8%) 3 (2.9%) 7 (17.5%) 18 (3.6%)
Don’t want to respond 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (5%) 4 (0.8%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“I would like to do KMC with the baby”

“I would like to do KMC with the baby” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 223 (94.1%) 119 (97.5%) 97 (93.3%) 34 (85%) 473 (94%)
Disagree 11 (4.6%) 2 (1.6%) 5 (4.8%) 0 (0.0%) 18 (3.6%)
Don’t know 2 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.9%) 6 (15%) 10 (2%)
Don’t want to respond 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (0.4%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“Families should do KMC with their babies”

“Families should do KMC with their babies” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 197 (83.1%) 101 (82.8%) 87 (83.7%) 32 (80%) 417 (82.9%)
Disagree 31 (13.1%) 20 (16.4%) 14 (13.5%) 0 (0.0%) 65 (12.9%)
Don’t know 6 (2.5%) 1 (0.8%) 3 (2.9%) 4 (10%) 14 (2.8%)
Don’t want to respond 3 (1.3%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 4 (10%) 7 (1.4%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“It is risky to apply oil, powder, ghee, ash, turmeric, or cow dung on the baby’s cord.”

“It is risky to apply oil, powder, ghee, ash, turmeric, or cow dung on the baby’s cord.” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 197 (83.1%) 109 (89.3%) 87 (83.7%) 37 (92.5%) 430 (85.5%)
Disagree 25 (10.5%) 11 (9%) 12 (11.5%) 3 (7.5%) 51 (10.1%)
Don’t know 14 (5.9%) 2 (1.6%) 5 (4.8%) 0 (0.0%) 21 (4.2%)
Don’t want to respond 1 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“Parents and caregivers should avoid applying oil, powder, ghee, ash, turmeric, or cow dung on a baby’s cord.”

“Parents and caregivers should avoid applying oil, powder, ghee, ash, turmeric, or cow dung on a baby’s cord.” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 223 (94.1%) 105 (86.1%) 96 (92.3%) 38 (95%) 462 (91.8%)
Disagree 11 (4.6%) 16 (13.1%) 2 (1.9%) 2 (5%) 31 (6.2%)
Don’t know 3 (1.3%) 1 (0.8%) 6 (5.8%) 0 (0.0%) 10 (2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“Keeping the cord dry is the best way to prevent infection.”

“Keeping the cord dry is the best way to prevent infection.” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 228 (96.2%) 120 (98.4%) 99 (95.2%) 39 (97.5%) 486 (96.6%)
Don’t know 4 (1.7%) 0 (0.0%) 5 (4.8%) 1 (2.5%) 10 (2%)
Disagree 5 (2.1%) 2 (1.6%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 7 (1.4%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“The best way to properly care for a baby’s cord is to wash it with a gentle soap and water during baths and dry it immediately after.”

“The best way to properly care for a baby’s cord is to wash it with a gentle soap and water during baths and dry it immediately after.” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 214 (90.3%) 121 (99.2%) 94 (90.4%) 38 (95%) 467 (92.8%)
Disagree 21 (8.9%) 0 (0.0%) 4 (3.8%) 1 (2.5%) 26 (5.2%)
Don’t know 2 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (5.8%) 1 (2.5%) 9 (1.8%)
Don’t want to respond 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“I want to keep baby’s cord clean and dry.”

“I want to keep baby’s cord clean and dry.” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 232 (97.9%) 122 (100%) 97 (93.3%) 39 (97.5%) 490 (97.4%)
Don’t know 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (5.8%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (1.2%)
Don’t want to respond 3 (1.3%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (2.5%) 4 (0.8%)
Disagree 2 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (0.6%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“Eating all kinds of nutritious foods, regardless of whether it is hot or cold food, helps a mother recover and produce more breastmilk.”

“Eating all kinds of nutritious foods, regardless of whether it is hot or cold food, helps a mother recover and produce more breastmilk.” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 209 (88.2%) 106 (86.9%) 90 (86.5%) 36 (90%) 441 (87.7%)
Disagree 25 (10.5%) 16 (13.1%) 12 (11.5%) 4 (10%) 57 (11.3%)
Don’t know 3 (1.3%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 5 (1%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“Eating any type of hot or cold food won’t negatively impact the mother or the baby (i.e. cause gas or sickness).”

“Eating any type of hot or cold food won’t negatively impact the mother or the baby (i.e. cause gas or sickness).” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 164 (69.2%) 94 (77%) 72 (69.2%) 33 (82.5%) 363 (72.2%)
Disagree 64 (27%) 26 (21.3%) 30 (28.8%) 6 (15%) 126 (25%)
Don’t know 9 (3.8%) 2 (1.6%) 2 (1.9%) 1 (2.5%) 14 (2.8%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“I do my best to eat a variety of nutritious foods and not restrict my diet after delivery.”

“I do my best to eat a variety of nutritious foods and not restrict my diet after delivery.” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 209 (88.2%) 102 (83.6%) 62 (59.6%) 24 (60%) 397 (78.9%)
Missing 16 (6.8%) 6 (4.9%) 30 (28.8%) 12 (30%) 64 (12.7%)
Disagree 12 (5.1%) 13 (10.7%) 11 (10.6%) 3 (7.5%) 39 (7.8%)
Don’t know 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.8%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (0.4%)
Don’t want to respond 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (2.5%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“I do my best to help the mother eat a variety of nutritious foods and avoid restricting her diet after delivery.”

“I do my best to help the mother eat a variety of nutritious foods and avoid restricting her diet after delivery.” PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 221 (93.2%) 116 (95.1%) 74 (71.2%) 28 (70%) 439 (87.3%)
Agree 16 (6.8%) 6 (4.9%) 23 (22.1%) 8 (20%) 53 (10.5%)
Disagree 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 7 (6.7%) 4 (10%) 11 (2.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“It’s not ok to reduce the amount of food or water from a mother’s diet for the health of her or the baby.”

“It’s not ok to reduce the amount of food or water from a mother’s diet for the health of her or the baby.” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 228 (96.2%) 111 (91%) 93 (89.4%) 37 (92.5%) 469 (93.2%)
Disagree 6 (2.5%) 11 (9%) 9 (8.7%) 2 (5%) 28 (5.6%)
Don’t know 3 (1.3%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.9%) 1 (2.5%) 6 (1.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“Even if the mom or baby is sick, the mom should not stop eating certain foods.”

“Even if the mom or baby is sick, the mom should not stop eating certain foods.” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 200 (84.4%) 103 (84.4%) 91 (87.5%) 33 (82.5%) 427 (84.9%)
Disagree 31 (13.1%) 18 (14.8%) 10 (9.6%) 5 (12.5%) 64 (12.7%)
Don’t know 6 (2.5%) 1 (0.8%) 3 (2.9%) 2 (5%) 12 (2.4%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“I try to make sure the mother drinks at least 2 liters (or 8–10 glasses) of water a day to support healthy milk production.”

“I try to make sure the mother drinks at least 2 liters (or 8–10 glasses) of water a day to support healthy milk production.” PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 221 (93.2%) 116 (95.1%) 74 (71.2%) 28 (70%) 439 (87.3%)
Agree 16 (6.8%) 5 (4.1%) 28 (26.9%) 12 (30%) 61 (12.1%)
Disagree 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.8%) 2 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (0.6%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

“I try to drink at least 2 Liters of (or 8-10 glasses) of water a day to optimize my milk production.”

“I try to drink at least 2 Liters of (or 8-10 glasses) of water a day to optimize my milk production.” PB KT MP MH Total
Agree 216 (91.1%) 115 (94.3%) 72 (69.2%) 27 (67.5%) 430 (85.5%)
Missing 16 (6.8%) 6 (4.9%) 30 (28.8%) 12 (30%) 64 (12.7%)
Disagree 5 (2.1%) 1 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (2.5%) 7 (1.4%)
Don’t know 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (0.4%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Type of delivery

Type of delivery PB KT MP MH Total
C‐section 153 (64.6%) 82 (67.2%) 25 (24%) 23 (57.5%) 283 (56.3%)
Normal 84 (35.4%) 40 (32.8%) 79 (76%) 17 (42.5%) 220 (43.7%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Sex of baby

Sex of baby PB KT MP MH Total
Male 126 (53.2%) 63 (51.6%) 57 (54.8%) 22 (55%) 268 (53.3%)
Female 111 (46.8%) 59 (48.4%) 47 (45.2%) 18 (45%) 235 (46.7%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Is this the first baby?

Is this the first baby? PB KT MP MH Total
Yes 124 (52.3%) 67 (54.9%) 33 (31.7%) 18 (45%) 242 (48.1%)
No 97 (40.9%) 49 (40.2%) 41 (39.4%) 10 (25%) 197 (39.2%)
Missing 16 (6.8%) 6 (4.9%) 30 (28.8%) 12 (30%) 64 (12.7%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Is this mother’s first baby?

Is this mother’s first baby? PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 221 (93.2%) 116 (95.1%) 74 (71.2%) 28 (70%) 439 (87.3%)
Yes 10 (4.2%) 5 (4.1%) 15 (14.4%) 11 (27.5%) 41 (8.2%)
No 6 (2.5%) 1 (0.8%) 15 (14.4%) 1 (2.5%) 23 (4.6%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Respondent education level

Respondent education level PB KT MP MH Total
11th to degree/diploma 147 (62%) 63 (51.6%) 22 (21.2%) 25 (62.5%) 257 (51.1%)
6th to 10th standard 30 (12.7%) 44 (36.1%) 41 (39.4%) 9 (22.5%) 124 (24.7%)
Post graduate 57 (24.1%) 6 (4.9%) 24 (23.1%) 3 (7.5%) 90 (17.9%)
Don’t know how to read or write 3 (1.3%) 8 (6.6%) 13 (12.5%) 1 (2.5%) 25 (5%)
Up to 5th standard 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.8%) 4 (3.8%) 1 (2.5%) 6 (1.2%)
Don’t know 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (2.5%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Mother’s education level

Mother’s education level PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 221 (93.2%) 116 (95.1%) 74 (71.2%) 28 (70%) 439 (87.3%)
11th to degree/diploma 9 (3.8%) 1 (0.8%) 9 (8.7%) 8 (20%) 27 (5.4%)
6th to 10th standard 4 (1.7%) 2 (1.6%) 15 (14.4%) 3 (7.5%) 24 (4.8%)
Post graduate 2 (0.8%) 2 (1.6%) 3 (2.9%) 1 (2.5%) 8 (1.6%)
Don’t know how to read or write 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (0.4%)
Don’t know 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Up to 5th standard 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Read/write but no school 1 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Respondent occupation category

Respondent occupation category PB KT MP MH Total
Homemaker 185 (78.1%) 98 (80.3%) 61 (58.7%) 27 (67.5%) 371 (73.8%)
Private job 20 (8.4%) 10 (8.2%) 12 (11.5%) 3 (7.5%) 45 (8.9%)
Self employed / small business 21 (8.9%) 2 (1.6%) 6 (5.8%) 4 (10%) 33 (6.6%)
Daily labourer 1 (0.4%) 4 (3.3%) 10 (9.6%) 2 (5%) 17 (3.4%)
Farmer 1 (0.4%) 4 (3.3%) 10 (9.6%) 2 (5%) 17 (3.4%)
Public sector job 8 (3.4%) 3 (2.5%) 3 (2.9%) 1 (2.5%) 15 (3%)
Unemployed 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.8%) 2 (1.9%) 1 (2.5%) 5 (1%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Mother’s occupation category

Mother’s occupation category PB KT MP MH Total
Missing 221 (93.2%) 116 (95.1%) 74 (71.2%) 28 (70%) 439 (87.3%)
Homemaker 16 (6.8%) 6 (4.9%) 22 (21.2%) 11 (27.5%) 55 (10.9%)
Farmer 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (2.9%) 1 (2.5%) 4 (0.8%)
Unemployed 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (2.9%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (0.6%)
Daily labourer 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Self employed / small business 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Social category

Social category PB KT MP MH Total
SC/ST/OBC 128 (54%) 66 (54.1%) 75 (72.1%) 27 (67.5%) 296 (58.8%)
General 109 (46%) 37 (30.3%) 15 (14.4%) 10 (25%) 171 (34%)
Don’t know / no response 0 (0.0%) 7 (5.7%) 12 (11.5%) 0 (0.0%) 19 (3.8%)
Other 0 (0.0%) 12 (9.8%) 2 (1.9%) 3 (7.5%) 17 (3.4%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

State of respondent

State of respondent PB KT MP MH Total
Punjab 235 (99.2%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 235 (46.7%)
Karnataka 0 (0.0%) 120 (98.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 120 (23.9%)
Madhya Pradesh 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 96 (92.3%) 1 (2.5%) 97 (19.3%)
Maharashtra 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (2.9%) 39 (97.5%) 42 (8.3%)
Other: Specify 2 (0.8%) 2 (1.6%) 5 (4.8%) 0 (0.0%) 9 (1.8%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Below poverty line?

Below poverty line? PB KT MP MH Total
Yes 113 (47.7%) 110 (90.2%) 78 (75%) 13 (32.5%) 314 (62.4%)
No 122 (51.5%) 12 (9.8%) 24 (23.1%) 26 (65%) 184 (36.6%)
Don’t know 2 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.9%) 1 (2.5%) 5 (1%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Religion

Religion PB KT MP MH Total
Hinduism 63 (26.6%) 102 (83.6%) 95 (91.3%) 31 (77.5%) 291 (57.9%)
Sikhism 161 (67.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 161 (32%)
Islam 6 (2.5%) 19 (15.6%) 6 (5.8%) 4 (10%) 35 (7%)
Christianity 6 (2.5%) 1 (0.8%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 8 (1.6%)
Buddhism 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1%) 5 (12.5%) 6 (1.2%)
Jainism 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Other 1 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Total 237 (47.1%) 122 (24.3%) 104 (20.7%) 40 (8%) 503 (100.0%)

Summary Plots (Total)